certain number of the world population is faced with difficulties in accessing tourism services due to the various handicaps they have. However, the latest technological developments based on Industry 4.0 such as the Internet of Things, virtual reality, artificial intelligence, beacon, near field communication, global positioning systems, and mobile applications can now be used to remove these handicaps for disabled people. In this context, the tourism industry has started to use Industry 4.0 technologies for the sector in order to become ‘smart’. Therefore, in the literature recently, some researches and application proposals have been developed so that the tourism sector can adapt to the latest technologies. However, there is a paucity of research to be done on how these latest technologies, practices and developments should be applied in the tourism sector for disabled people and how they can be integrated with tourism sector. The main objective of the research is to review disabled-friendly mobile services in the context of smart tourism and to propose recommendations for Turkey tourism sector to be disabled-friendly with Industry 4.0 developments. In the study, smart tourism destination literature has been examined and tourism applications developed with the latest technologies emerged through the Fourth Industrial Revolution has been reviewed in the context of being disabled-friendly. Finally, some proposals were given about how Turkey tourism sector can benefit from Industry 4.0 technologies and development to be disabled-friendly.

The terms smart cities and smart tourism destinations have become extremely popular in the last decade. The study explores the buzzwords smart cities and smart tourism destinations and the relationship between them. The purpose of this paper is to review the existing literature on smart cities and smart tourism destinations. The study specially focuses on reviewing concepts of smart cities and smart tourism destinations and also the linkages between them. The author has adopted the literature review approach for the fulfillment of the objective of the study. Various journals, books, research work and reports were studied for reviewing the current research and to also reflect on the future research. The detailed literature discussed in this paper suggests the concept of smart city does not stand on its own and is closely associated with smart tourism. In fact smart cities act as a ladder for the establishment of smart tourism destinations. Smart tourism destinations are smart cities which utilize the information technology and innovations to enable pleasure, and experiences for the tourist. The findings of the study imply that smart tourism is a fundamental part of the smart cities. This study will help in understanding the present scenario of growing popularity of smart cities in India, as it is the need of the hour to make and execute sustainable plans for the development of smart cities, which will ultimately lead the way to smart tourism destinations.

With the emergence of the phenomenon of globalization today, the concept of natural environment, which forms the basis of tourism, has become the most important factor. As a result of the rapid change, the natural environment has begun to suffer. To reduce damage to the natural environment developing specific policies has become compulsory for companies and governments. At the same time, companies have had to constantly change and renew to ensure their competitiveness and sustainability. The fact that people reach a certain level of consciousness about the environment has also led companies to realize that it is necessary to develop various practices on environmental sensitivity. In addition, companies have realized that they need to move around with the concept of green innovation while generating products and services. A questionnaire was applied to the managers of the departments of the 3, 4 and 5 star hotels in the Istanbul region to investigate green innovation views, green innovation expectations, environmental awareness and green innovation practices applied by the company. As a result of the research, it was seen that the enterprises partially adopted the concepts of green innovation.

While researches are generally focused to investigate the effects of innovations commonly on the organizations, the topic of social innovation is commonly theoretically addressed. Organizations’ social innovation practices have not generally been examined. On the other hand, social innovation has begun to increase in importance because of the local gathering benefits and the desired social change. Therefore, it is necessary to reveal the features that are effective in social innovation applications of enterprises. In this context, the purpose of the research is to reveal the perception differences of tourism enterprises based on the characteristics of tourism enterprises operating in Antalya destination. The issue of social innovation is used in the literature in different disciplines with different meaning. In this research, social innovation is addressed from the viewpoint of entrepreneurship, since the research sample is tourism enterprises. A four-dimensional social innovation perception scale was developed from the perspective of entrepreneurship. Scale development stages have been developed and tested by following the general steps of scale development in the literature. Data were collected from the tourism enterprises with the developed scale. As a result, it can be said that small-scale tourism enterprises use transportation options that pollute the environment less than large-scale tourism enterprises.

This paper examines the theme of small business growth in detail by investigating the types of growth which may be found in small firms. A review of the literature examines the factors which are most important in determining small business survival, growth and performance relations. Such information is clearly important for three particular reasons. Firstly, it may give an opportunity to diagnose any early indicators of economic problems of health in small and medium sized business sectors. In turn, any such study may contribute to the creation of a more healthy economic development climate (Birley, 1986). Secondly, it would allow an evaluation of how effective current initiatives are in their aim of helping small business growth. Thirdly, it may be argued that if the causal factors resulting in the successful growth of companies are known, it could assist in those beneficial characteristics which contribute to the growth process being identified.